Generate Propensity Score Matches

library(tidyverse)
library(lubridate)
library(effectsize)
library(gtsummary)

source("~/projects/pdd/analysis/table_functions.R")

Tz/Dz/Az vs Tamsulosin

Without Matching

generate_table("tz_tam", FALSE)

Group	Characteristic	tamsulosin, N = 4,756	tz/dz/az, N = 875	Difference1	95% CI12
Outcomes	PD+D	817 (17%)	112 (13%)
Age and Medication Start Time	Age at Index Date	74 (64, 81)	72 (63, 80)	0.081	0.009, 0.153
	Medication Index Date	2,004.0 (2,001.0, 2,008.0)	2,003.0 (2,001.0, 2,006.0)	0.222	0.149, 0.294
	Follow Up Time	1.98 (0.90, 3.78)	1.82 (0.92, 4.05)	0.011	-0.061, 0.083
	Lookback Time	4.8 (2.7, 7.8)	3.8 (2.2, 6.4)	0.258	0.186, 0.330
	PD Disease Duration	2.74 (1.72, 4.60)	2.35 (1.53, 3.99)	0.176	0.104, 0.248
Rates of Inpatient and Outpatient Encounters	Inpatient Events Per Year	0.35 (0.00, 1.67)	0.14 (0.00, 1.34)	0.098	0.025, 0.170
	Outpatient Events Per Year	17 (10, 27)	17 (10, 27)	0.014	-0.059, 0.086
	Mean Number of DX Codes Per Outpatient Event	0.31 (0.17, 0.57)	0.35 (0.20, 0.62)	-0.053	-0.125, 0.019
	Outpatient DX Code Incidence Per Year	25 (15, 42)	22 (14, 38)	0.098	0.026, 0.171
Elixhauser/AHRQ Comorbidity Flags	Alcohol Abuse	117 (2.5%)	12 (1.4%)	0.073	0.001, 0.145
	Anemia	1,204 (25.3%)	219 (25.0%)	0.007	-0.065, 0.079
	Blood Loss	130 (2.7%)	18 (2.1%)	0.042	-0.030, 0.114
	Heart Failure	923 (19.4%)	156 (17.8%)	0.040	-0.032, 0.112
	Coagulopathy	309 (6.5%)	50 (5.7%)	0.032	-0.040, 0.104
	Depression	841 (17.7%)	134 (15.3%)	0.063	-0.010, 0.135
	Diabetes Without Complications	1,546 (32.5%)	312 (35.7%)	-0.067	-0.139, 0.005
	Diabetes With Complications	752 (15.8%)	146 (16.7%)	-0.024	-0.096, 0.048
	Drug Abuse	81 (1.7%)	8 (0.9%)	0.063	-0.009, 0.135
	Fluid or Electrolyte Disorders	993 (20.9%)	160 (18.3%)	0.064	-0.008, 0.136
	HIV	7 (0.1%)	3 (0.3%)	-0.046	-0.119, 0.026
	HTN Without Complications	3,310 (69.6%)	623 (71.2%)	-0.035	-0.107, 0.037
	HTN With Complications	874 (18.4%)	169 (19.3%)	-0.024	-0.096, 0.048
	Hypothyroidism	641 (13.5%)	97 (11.1%)	0.071	-0.001, 0.143
	Liver Disease	210 (4.4%)	38 (4.3%)	0.004	-0.069, 0.076
	Lymphoma	94 (2.0%)	20 (2.3%)	-0.022	-0.094, 0.050
	Metastatic Cancer	120 (2.5%)	14 (1.6%)	0.061	-0.012, 0.133
	Other Neurologic Disorders	3,788 (79.6%)	626 (71.5%)	0.197	0.125, 0.270
	Obesity	381 (8.0%)	45 (5.1%)	0.109	0.036, 0.181
	Paralysis	267 (5.6%)	39 (4.5%)	0.051	-0.021, 0.123
	Pulmonary Hypertension	244 (5.1%)	38 (4.3%)	0.036	-0.036, 0.108
	Psychoses	568 (11.9%)	94 (10.7%)	0.037	-0.035, 0.109
	Peptic Ulcer Disease	22 (0.5%)	2 (0.2%)	0.036	-0.036, 0.108
	COPD	1,536 (32.3%)	256 (29.3%)	0.065	-0.007, 0.137
	Peripheral Vascular Disease	1,329 (27.9%)	205 (23.4%)	0.101	0.029, 0.174
	Renal Failure	507 (10.7%)	124 (14.2%)	-0.111	-0.184, -0.039
	Rheumatoid Arthritis	410 (8.6%)	44 (5.0%)	0.132	0.060, 0.204
	Solid Tumor	991 (20.8%)	152 (17.4%)	0.086	0.014, 0.158
	Valvular Disease	1,193 (25.1%)	176 (20.1%)	0.116	0.044, 0.188
	Weight Loss	501 (10.5%)	67 (7.7%)	0.096	0.023, 0.168
Hypotension	Orthostatic Hypotension	276 (5.8%)	28 (3.2%)	0.115	0.043, 0.187
	Other Hypotension	375 (7.9%)	45 (5.1%)	0.104	0.032, 0.177
Prostate Specific Antigen	PSA Measurement Taken	1,998 (42.0%)	411 (47.0%)	-0.100	-0.172, -0.028
	Diagnosis of Abnormal PSA	721 (15.2%)	109 (12.5%)	0.076	0.004, 0.148
Bladder Function and Urinary Flow	Slow Urinary Stream Diagnosis	139 (2.9%)	25 (2.9%)	0.004	-0.068, 0.076
	Uroflow Study Performed	424 (8.9%)	89 (10.2%)	-0.044	-0.116, 0.028
	Cystometrogram Performed	118 (2.5%)	29 (3.3%)	-0.052	-0.124, 0.020
	Diagnosis of BPH	2,043 (43.0%)	365 (41.7%)	0.025	-0.047, 0.097
1Cohen's D
2CI = Confidence Interval

After Matching

generate_table("tz_tam", TRUE)

Group	Characteristic	tamsulosin, N = 754	tz/dz/az, N = 754	Difference1	95% CI12
Outcomes	PD+D	122 (16%)	94 (12%)
Age and Medication Start Time	Age at Index Date	72 (62, 81)	72 (63, 80)	-0.005	-0.106, 0.096
	Medication Index Date	2,004.0 (2,002.0, 2,006.0)	2,004.0 (2,001.0, 2,006.0)	-0.007	-0.108, 0.094
	Follow Up Time	1.90 (0.90, 4.05)	1.96 (0.92, 4.15)	0.001	-0.100, 0.102
	Lookback Time	3.85 (2.33, 5.98)	4.33 (2.49, 6.84)	-0.186	-0.287, -0.084
	PD Disease Duration	2.47 (1.66, 3.97)	2.57 (1.68, 4.25)	-0.098	-0.199, 0.003
Rates of Inpatient and Outpatient Encounters	Inpatient Events Per Year	0.13 (0.00, 1.48)	0.25 (0.00, 1.41)	0.125	0.024, 0.226
	Outpatient Events Per Year	16 (9, 27)	17 (11, 28)	-0.011	-0.111, 0.090
	Mean Number of DX Codes Per Outpatient Event	0.36 (0.21, 0.60)	0.31 (0.19, 0.56)	0.082	-0.019, 0.183
	Outpatient DX Code Incidence Per Year	22 (12, 38)	23 (14, 39)	0.000	-0.101, 0.101
Elixhauser/AHRQ Comorbidity Flags	Alcohol Abuse	13 (1.7%)	12 (1.6%)	0.010	-0.091, 0.111
	Anemia	177 (23.5%)	201 (26.7%)	-0.073	-0.174, 0.028
	Blood Loss	15 (2.0%)	16 (2.1%)	-0.009	-0.110, 0.092
	Heart Failure	144 (19.1%)	138 (18.3%)	0.020	-0.081, 0.121
	Coagulopathy	32 (4.2%)	46 (6.1%)	-0.084	-0.185, 0.017
	Depression	106 (14.1%)	127 (16.8%)	-0.077	-0.178, 0.024
	Diabetes Without Complications	247 (32.8%)	287 (38.1%)	-0.111	-0.212, -0.010
	Diabetes With Complications	103 (13.7%)	134 (17.8%)	-0.113	-0.214, -0.012
	Drug Abuse	19 (2.5%)	6 (0.8%)	0.135	0.034, 0.236
	Fluid or Electrolyte Disorders	138 (18.3%)	147 (19.5%)	-0.030	-0.131, 0.070
	HIV	1 (0.1%)	3 (0.4%)	-0.052	-0.153, 0.049
	HTN Without Complications	528 (70.0%)	555 (73.6%)	-0.080	-0.181, 0.021
	HTN With Complications	134 (17.8%)	159 (21.1%)	-0.084	-0.185, 0.017
	Hypothyroidism	97 (12.9%)	95 (12.6%)	0.008	-0.093, 0.109
	Liver Disease	29 (3.8%)	36 (4.8%)	-0.046	-0.147, 0.055
	Lymphoma	13 (1.7%)	20 (2.7%)	-0.063	-0.164, 0.038
	Metastatic Cancer	18 (2.4%)	14 (1.9%)	0.037	-0.064, 0.138
	Other Neurologic Disorders	511 (67.8%)	548 (72.7%)	-0.107	-0.208, -0.006
	Obesity	33 (4.4%)	44 (5.8%)	-0.066	-0.167, 0.035
	Paralysis	29 (3.8%)	36 (4.8%)	-0.046	-0.147, 0.055
	Pulmonary Hypertension	42 (5.6%)	35 (4.6%)	0.042	-0.059, 0.143
	Psychoses	81 (10.7%)	89 (11.8%)	-0.034	-0.134, 0.067
	Peptic Ulcer Disease	3 (0.4%)	2 (0.3%)	0.023	-0.078, 0.124
	COPD	220 (29.2%)	226 (30.0%)	-0.017	-0.118, 0.084
	Peripheral Vascular Disease	179 (23.7%)	193 (25.6%)	-0.043	-0.144, 0.058
	Renal Failure	108 (14.3%)	117 (15.5%)	-0.033	-0.134, 0.067
	Rheumatoid Arthritis	40 (5.3%)	40 (5.3%)	0.000	-0.101, 0.101
	Solid Tumor	133 (17.6%)	130 (17.2%)	0.010	-0.090, 0.111
	Valvular Disease	158 (21.0%)	170 (22.5%)	-0.039	-0.140, 0.062
	Weight Loss	64 (8.5%)	57 (7.6%)	0.034	-0.067, 0.135
Hypotension	Orthostatic Hypotension	35 (4.6%)	27 (3.6%)	0.053	-0.048, 0.154
	Other Hypotension	48 (6.4%)	41 (5.4%)	0.039	-0.062, 0.140
Prostate Specific Antigen	PSA Measurement Taken	343 (45.5%)	348 (46.2%)	-0.013	-0.114, 0.088
	Diagnosis of Abnormal PSA	103 (13.7%)	95 (12.6%)	0.031	-0.070, 0.132
Bladder Function and Urinary Flow	Slow Urinary Stream Diagnosis	19 (2.5%)	23 (3.1%)	-0.032	-0.133, 0.069
	Uroflow Study Performed	62 (8.2%)	84 (11.1%)	-0.099	-0.200, 0.002
	Cystometrogram Performed	21 (2.8%)	25 (3.3%)	-0.031	-0.132, 0.070
	Diagnosis of BPH	305 (40.5%)	323 (42.8%)	-0.048	-0.149, 0.053
1Cohen's D
2CI = Confidence Interval

Tz/Dz/Az vs 5ARI

Without Matching

generate_table("tz_5ari", FALSE)

Group	Characteristic	5ari, N = 662	tz/dz/az, N = 875	Difference1	95% CI12
Outcomes	PD+D	112 (17%)	112 (13%)
Age and Medication Start Time	Age at Index Date	75 (67, 82)	72 (63, 80)	0.239	0.137, 0.340
	Medication Index Date	2,004.0 (2,002.0, 2,008.0)	2,003.0 (2,001.0, 2,006.0)	0.238	0.137, 0.339
	Follow Up Time	2.12 (1.07, 4.02)	1.82 (0.92, 4.05)	0.043	-0.058, 0.144
	Lookback Time	4.45 (2.60, 6.91)	3.82 (2.20, 6.36)	0.126	0.025, 0.227
	PD Disease Duration	2.71 (1.75, 4.38)	2.35 (1.53, 3.99)	0.113	0.012, 0.214
Rates of Inpatient and Outpatient Encounters	Inpatient Events Per Year	0.13 (0.00, 1.26)	0.14 (0.00, 1.34)	0.039	-0.062, 0.140
	Outpatient Events Per Year	18 (11, 27)	17 (10, 27)	0.037	-0.064, 0.138
	Mean Number of DX Codes Per Outpatient Event	0.33 (0.18, 0.57)	0.35 (0.20, 0.62)	-0.047	-0.148, 0.054
	Outpatient DX Code Incidence Per Year	25 (15, 42)	22 (14, 38)	0.094	-0.007, 0.195
Elixhauser/AHRQ Comorbidity Flags	Alcohol Abuse	7 (1.1%)	12 (1.4%)	-0.028	-0.129, 0.073
	Anemia	156 (23.6%)	219 (25.0%)	-0.034	-0.135, 0.067
	Blood Loss	15 (2.3%)	18 (2.1%)	0.014	-0.087, 0.115
	Heart Failure	134 (20.2%)	156 (17.8%)	0.062	-0.039, 0.163
	Coagulopathy	40 (6.0%)	50 (5.7%)	0.014	-0.087, 0.115
	Depression	90 (13.6%)	134 (15.3%)	-0.049	-0.150, 0.052
	Diabetes Without Complications	167 (25.2%)	312 (35.7%)	-0.226	-0.328, -0.125
	Diabetes With Complications	79 (11.9%)	146 (16.7%)	-0.135	-0.236, -0.034
	Drug Abuse	6 (0.9%)	8 (0.9%)	-0.001	-0.102, 0.100
	Fluid or Electrolyte Disorders	108 (16.3%)	160 (18.3%)	-0.052	-0.153, 0.049
	HIV	2 (0.3%)	3 (0.3%)	-0.007	-0.108, 0.094
	HTN Without Complications	449 (67.8%)	623 (71.2%)	-0.073	-0.174, 0.028
	HTN With Complications	99 (15.0%)	169 (19.3%)	-0.115	-0.216, -0.014
	Hypothyroidism	100 (15.1%)	97 (11.1%)	0.120	0.019, 0.221
	Liver Disease	13 (2.0%)	38 (4.3%)	-0.133	-0.234, -0.032
	Lymphoma	6 (0.9%)	20 (2.3%)	-0.107	-0.208, -0.006
	Metastatic Cancer	13 (2.0%)	14 (1.6%)	0.028	-0.073, 0.129
	Other Neurologic Disorders	532 (80.4%)	626 (71.5%)	0.206	0.104, 0.307
	Obesity	40 (6.0%)	45 (5.1%)	0.039	-0.062, 0.140
	Paralysis	29 (4.4%)	39 (4.5%)	-0.004	-0.105, 0.097
	Pulmonary Hypertension	47 (7.1%)	38 (4.3%)	0.121	0.020, 0.222
	Psychoses	64 (9.7%)	94 (10.7%)	-0.035	-0.136, 0.066
	Peptic Ulcer Disease	1 (0.2%)	2 (0.2%)	-0.018	-0.119, 0.083
	COPD	189 (28.5%)	256 (29.3%)	-0.016	-0.117, 0.085
	Peripheral Vascular Disease	160 (24.2%)	205 (23.4%)	0.017	-0.084, 0.118
	Renal Failure	67 (10.1%)	124 (14.2%)	-0.123	-0.224, -0.022
	Rheumatoid Arthritis	55 (8.3%)	44 (5.0%)	0.134	0.033, 0.235
	Solid Tumor	123 (18.6%)	152 (17.4%)	0.032	-0.069, 0.132
	Valvular Disease	170 (25.7%)	176 (20.1%)	0.133	0.032, 0.235
	Weight Loss	63 (9.5%)	67 (7.7%)	0.067	-0.034, 0.168
Hypotension	Orthostatic Hypotension	50 (7.6%)	28 (3.2%)	0.199	0.098, 0.300
	Other Hypotension	45 (6.8%)	45 (5.1%)	0.070	-0.031, 0.171
Prostate Specific Antigen	PSA Measurement Taken	297 (44.9%)	411 (47.0%)	-0.042	-0.143, 0.059
	Diagnosis of Abnormal PSA	166 (25.1%)	109 (12.5%)	0.333	0.232, 0.435
Bladder Function and Urinary Flow	Slow Urinary Stream Diagnosis	17 (2.6%)	25 (2.9%)	-0.018	-0.119, 0.083
	Uroflow Study Performed	79 (11.9%)	89 (10.2%)	0.056	-0.045, 0.157
	Cystometrogram Performed	14 (2.1%)	29 (3.3%)	-0.073	-0.174, 0.028
	Diagnosis of BPH	374 (56.5%)	365 (41.7%)	0.299	0.197, 0.400
1Cohen's D
2CI = Confidence Interval

After Matching

generate_table("tz_5ari", TRUE)

Group	Characteristic	5ari, N = 475	tz/dz/az, N = 475	Difference1	95% CI12
Outcomes	PD+D	81 (17%)	68 (14%)
Age and Medication Start Time	Age at Index Date	74 (65, 82)	75 (66, 81)	0.001	-0.126, 0.128
	Medication Index Date	2,004.0 (2,001.0, 2,008.0)	2,004.0 (2,001.0, 2,006.0)	0.184	0.056, 0.311
	Follow Up Time	2.01 (0.97, 3.80)	2.01 (0.92, 3.96)	0.002	-0.125, 0.130
	Lookback Time	4.06 (2.44, 6.50)	4.39 (2.48, 6.85)	-0.091	-0.219, 0.036
	PD Disease Duration	2.60 (1.70, 4.14)	2.57 (1.79, 4.35)	-0.040	-0.167, 0.087
Rates of Inpatient and Outpatient Encounters	Inpatient Events Per Year	0.00 (0.00, 1.26)	0.17 (0.00, 1.27)	0.059	-0.068, 0.186
	Outpatient Events Per Year	18 (12, 27)	17 (11, 27)	0.062	-0.066, 0.189
	Mean Number of DX Codes Per Outpatient Event	0.35 (0.20, 0.62)	0.30 (0.19, 0.55)	0.120	-0.008, 0.247
	Outpatient DX Code Incidence Per Year	25 (15, 42)	23 (15, 39)	0.119	-0.008, 0.246
Elixhauser/AHRQ Comorbidity Flags	Alcohol Abuse	6 (1.3%)	6 (1.3%)	0.000	-0.127, 0.127
	Anemia	111 (23.4%)	124 (26.1%)	-0.063	-0.191, 0.064
	Blood Loss	11 (2.3%)	12 (2.5%)	-0.014	-0.141, 0.114
	Heart Failure	91 (19.2%)	86 (18.1%)	0.027	-0.100, 0.154
	Coagulopathy	25 (5.3%)	29 (6.1%)	-0.036	-0.164, 0.091
	Depression	66 (13.9%)	75 (15.8%)	-0.053	-0.180, 0.074
	Diabetes Without Complications	134 (28.2%)	152 (32.0%)	-0.083	-0.210, 0.045
	Diabetes With Complications	65 (13.7%)	77 (16.2%)	-0.071	-0.198, 0.056
	Drug Abuse	5 (1.1%)	4 (0.8%)	0.022	-0.105, 0.149
	Fluid or Electrolyte Disorders	78 (16.4%)	89 (18.7%)	-0.061	-0.188, 0.066
	HIV	2 (0.4%)	1 (0.2%)	0.037	-0.090, 0.165
	HTN Without Complications	313 (65.9%)	347 (73.1%)	-0.156	-0.283, -0.028
	HTN With Complications	67 (14.1%)	78 (16.4%)	-0.064	-0.192, 0.063
	Hypothyroidism	68 (14.3%)	54 (11.4%)	0.088	-0.039, 0.215
	Liver Disease	10 (2.1%)	18 (3.8%)	-0.100	-0.227, 0.028
	Lymphoma	5 (1.1%)	10 (2.1%)	-0.084	-0.212, 0.043
	Metastatic Cancer	7 (1.5%)	8 (1.7%)	-0.017	-0.144, 0.110
	Other Neurologic Disorders	381 (80.2%)	375 (78.9%)	0.031	-0.096, 0.158
	Obesity	30 (6.3%)	22 (4.6%)	0.074	-0.053, 0.201
	Paralysis	24 (5.1%)	22 (4.6%)	0.020	-0.108, 0.147
	Pulmonary Hypertension	29 (6.1%)	22 (4.6%)	0.065	-0.062, 0.193
	Psychoses	50 (10.5%)	50 (10.5%)	0.000	-0.127, 0.127
	Peptic Ulcer Disease	1 (0.2%)	0 (0.0%)	0.065	-0.062, 0.192
	COPD	134 (28.2%)	134 (28.2%)	0.000	-0.127, 0.127
	Peripheral Vascular Disease	110 (23.2%)	122 (25.7%)	-0.059	-0.186, 0.068
	Renal Failure	43 (9.1%)	59 (12.4%)	-0.109	-0.236, 0.018
	Rheumatoid Arthritis	37 (7.8%)	25 (5.3%)	0.102	-0.025, 0.230
	Solid Tumor	70 (14.7%)	93 (19.6%)	-0.129	-0.256, -0.001
	Valvular Disease	109 (22.9%)	110 (23.2%)	-0.005	-0.132, 0.122
	Weight Loss	40 (8.4%)	43 (9.1%)	-0.022	-0.150, 0.105
Hypotension	Orthostatic Hypotension	24 (5.1%)	20 (4.2%)	0.040	-0.087, 0.167
	Other Hypotension	28 (5.9%)	29 (6.1%)	-0.009	-0.136, 0.118
Prostate Specific Antigen	PSA Measurement Taken	201 (42.3%)	223 (46.9%)	-0.093	-0.220, 0.034
	Diagnosis of Abnormal PSA	62 (13.1%)	78 (16.4%)	-0.095	-0.222, 0.032
Bladder Function and Urinary Flow	Slow Urinary Stream Diagnosis	10 (2.1%)	14 (2.9%)	-0.054	-0.181, 0.074
	Uroflow Study Performed	46 (9.7%)	54 (11.4%)	-0.055	-0.182, 0.072
	Cystometrogram Performed	13 (2.7%)	16 (3.4%)	-0.037	-0.164, 0.091
	Diagnosis of BPH	233 (49.1%)	236 (49.7%)	-0.013	-0.140, 0.115
1Cohen's D
2CI = Confidence Interval

Tamsulosin vs 5ARI

Without Matching

generate_table("tam_5ari", FALSE)

Group	Characteristic	5ari, N = 662	tamsulosin, N = 4,756	Difference1	95% CI12
Outcomes	PD+D	112 (17%)	817 (17%)
Age and Medication Start Time	Age at Index Date	75 (67, 82)	74 (64, 81)	0.155	0.074, 0.236
	Medication Index Date	2,004.0 (2,002.0, 2,008.0)	2,004.0 (2,001.0, 2,008.0)	-0.005	-0.086, 0.076
	Follow Up Time	2.12 (1.07, 4.02)	1.98 (0.90, 3.78)	0.030	-0.051, 0.112
	Lookback Time	4.4 (2.6, 6.9)	4.8 (2.7, 7.8)	-0.145	-0.227, -0.064
	PD Disease Duration	2.71 (1.75, 4.38)	2.74 (1.72, 4.60)	-0.076	-0.158, 0.005
Rates of Inpatient and Outpatient Encounters	Inpatient Events Per Year	0.13 (0.00, 1.26)	0.35 (0.00, 1.67)	-0.011	-0.093, 0.070
	Outpatient Events Per Year	18 (11, 27)	17 (10, 27)	0.022	-0.059, 0.104
	Mean Number of DX Codes Per Outpatient Event	0.33 (0.18, 0.57)	0.31 (0.17, 0.57)	0.010	-0.071, 0.091
	Outpatient DX Code Incidence Per Year	25 (15, 42)	25 (15, 42)	-0.012	-0.094, 0.069
Elixhauser/AHRQ Comorbidity Flags	Alcohol Abuse	7 (1.1%)	117 (2.5%)	-0.094	-0.175, -0.012
	Anemia	156 (23.6%)	1,204 (25.3%)	-0.040	-0.122, 0.041
	Blood Loss	15 (2.3%)	130 (2.7%)	-0.029	-0.110, 0.052
	Heart Failure	134 (20.2%)	923 (19.4%)	0.021	-0.060, 0.102
	Coagulopathy	40 (6.0%)	309 (6.5%)	-0.019	-0.100, 0.063
	Depression	90 (13.6%)	841 (17.7%)	-0.108	-0.190, -0.027
	Diabetes Without Complications	167 (25.2%)	1,546 (32.5%)	-0.157	-0.238, -0.075
	Diabetes With Complications	79 (11.9%)	752 (15.8%)	-0.108	-0.189, -0.026
	Drug Abuse	6 (0.9%)	81 (1.7%)	-0.063	-0.145, 0.018
	Fluid or Electrolyte Disorders	108 (16.3%)	993 (20.9%)	-0.113	-0.195, -0.032
	HIV	2 (0.3%)	7 (0.1%)	0.038	-0.043, 0.119
	HTN Without Complications	449 (67.8%)	3,310 (69.6%)	-0.038	-0.120, 0.043
	HTN With Complications	99 (15.0%)	874 (18.4%)	-0.089	-0.170, -0.008
	Hypothyroidism	100 (15.1%)	641 (13.5%)	0.047	-0.034, 0.129
	Liver Disease	13 (2.0%)	210 (4.4%)	-0.123	-0.205, -0.042
	Lymphoma	6 (0.9%)	94 (2.0%)	-0.080	-0.161, 0.002
	Metastatic Cancer	13 (2.0%)	120 (2.5%)	-0.036	-0.117, 0.045
	Other Neurologic Disorders	532 (80.4%)	3,788 (79.6%)	0.018	-0.064, 0.099
	Obesity	40 (6.0%)	381 (8.0%)	-0.074	-0.155, 0.008
	Paralysis	29 (4.4%)	267 (5.6%)	-0.054	-0.136, 0.027
	Pulmonary Hypertension	47 (7.1%)	244 (5.1%)	0.087	0.006, 0.169
	Psychoses	64 (9.7%)	568 (11.9%)	-0.071	-0.152, 0.010
	Peptic Ulcer Disease	1 (0.2%)	22 (0.5%)	-0.048	-0.129, 0.033
	COPD	189 (28.5%)	1,536 (32.3%)	-0.080	-0.162, 0.001
	Peripheral Vascular Disease	160 (24.2%)	1,329 (27.9%)	-0.085	-0.166, -0.003
	Renal Failure	67 (10.1%)	507 (10.7%)	-0.018	-0.099, 0.064
	Rheumatoid Arthritis	55 (8.3%)	410 (8.6%)	-0.011	-0.092, 0.070
	Solid Tumor	123 (18.6%)	991 (20.8%)	-0.056	-0.137, 0.025
	Valvular Disease	170 (25.7%)	1,193 (25.1%)	0.014	-0.068, 0.095
	Weight Loss	63 (9.5%)	501 (10.5%)	-0.033	-0.115, 0.048
Hypotension	Orthostatic Hypotension	50 (7.6%)	276 (5.8%)	0.074	-0.008, 0.155
	Other Hypotension	45 (6.8%)	375 (7.9%)	-0.041	-0.122, 0.041
Prostate Specific Antigen	PSA Measurement Taken	297 (44.9%)	1,998 (42.0%)	0.058	-0.024, 0.139
	Diagnosis of Abnormal PSA	166 (25.1%)	721 (15.2%)	0.269	0.187, 0.350
Bladder Function and Urinary Flow	Slow Urinary Stream Diagnosis	17 (2.6%)	139 (2.9%)	-0.021	-0.103, 0.060
	Uroflow Study Performed	79 (11.9%)	424 (8.9%)	0.104	0.023, 0.185
	Cystometrogram Performed	14 (2.1%)	118 (2.5%)	-0.024	-0.105, 0.058
	Diagnosis of BPH	374 (56.5%)	2,043 (43.0%)	0.273	0.192, 0.355
1Cohen's D
2CI = Confidence Interval

After Matching

generate_table("tam_5ari", TRUE)

Group	Characteristic	5ari, N = 612	tamsulosin, N = 612	Difference1	95% CI12
Outcomes	PD+D	104 (17%)	119 (19%)
Age and Medication Start Time	Age at Index Date	76 (67, 82)	76 (69, 82)	-0.074	-0.186, 0.039
	Medication Index Date	2,004.0 (2,002.0, 2,008.0)	2,004.0 (2,002.0, 2,008.0)	-0.022	-0.134, 0.090
	Follow Up Time	2.10 (1.04, 3.95)	2.24 (1.02, 3.93)	0.005	-0.107, 0.118
	Lookback Time	4.4 (2.6, 7.0)	4.5 (2.7, 7.4)	-0.056	-0.168, 0.056
	PD Disease Duration	2.71 (1.74, 4.40)	2.73 (1.72, 4.39)	-0.002	-0.114, 0.110
Rates of Inpatient and Outpatient Encounters	Inpatient Events Per Year	0.17 (0.00, 1.41)	0.04 (0.00, 1.07)	0.078	-0.034, 0.190
	Outpatient Events Per Year	18 (12, 28)	17 (11, 27)	0.010	-0.102, 0.122
	Mean Number of DX Codes Per Outpatient Event	0.33 (0.18, 0.58)	0.34 (0.19, 0.57)	0.031	-0.081, 0.144
	Outpatient DX Code Incidence Per Year	25 (16, 42)	25 (16, 42)	-0.012	-0.124, 0.100
Elixhauser/AHRQ Comorbidity Flags	Alcohol Abuse	6 (1.0%)	10 (1.6%)	-0.058	-0.170, 0.055
	Anemia	147 (24.0%)	139 (22.7%)	0.031	-0.081, 0.143
	Blood Loss	15 (2.5%)	16 (2.6%)	-0.010	-0.122, 0.102
	Heart Failure	129 (21.1%)	101 (16.5%)	0.117	0.005, 0.229
	Coagulopathy	38 (6.2%)	34 (5.6%)	0.028	-0.084, 0.140
	Depression	86 (14.1%)	88 (14.4%)	-0.009	-0.121, 0.103
	Diabetes Without Complications	163 (26.6%)	149 (24.3%)	0.052	-0.060, 0.165
	Diabetes With Complications	78 (12.7%)	73 (11.9%)	0.025	-0.087, 0.137
	Drug Abuse	6 (1.0%)	7 (1.1%)	-0.016	-0.128, 0.096
	Fluid or Electrolyte Disorders	103 (16.8%)	101 (16.5%)	0.009	-0.103, 0.121
	HIV	1 (0.2%)	0 (0.0%)	0.057	-0.055, 0.169
	HTN Without Complications	416 (68.0%)	437 (71.4%)	-0.075	-0.187, 0.037
	HTN With Complications	94 (15.4%)	101 (16.5%)	-0.031	-0.143, 0.081
	Hypothyroidism	97 (15.8%)	91 (14.9%)	0.027	-0.085, 0.139
	Liver Disease	13 (2.1%)	16 (2.6%)	-0.032	-0.144, 0.080
	Lymphoma	6 (1.0%)	18 (2.9%)	-0.142	-0.254, -0.029
	Metastatic Cancer	13 (2.1%)	12 (2.0%)	0.012	-0.101, 0.124
	Other Neurologic Disorders	497 (81.2%)	521 (85.1%)	-0.105	-0.217, 0.007
	Obesity	38 (6.2%)	34 (5.6%)	0.028	-0.084, 0.140
	Paralysis	29 (4.7%)	31 (5.1%)	-0.015	-0.127, 0.097
	Pulmonary Hypertension	41 (6.7%)	33 (5.4%)	0.055	-0.057, 0.167
	Psychoses	60 (9.8%)	63 (10.3%)	-0.016	-0.128, 0.096
	Peptic Ulcer Disease	1 (0.2%)	1 (0.2%)	0.000	-0.112, 0.112
	COPD	176 (28.8%)	175 (28.6%)	0.004	-0.108, 0.116
	Peripheral Vascular Disease	154 (25.2%)	179 (29.2%)	-0.092	-0.204, 0.020
	Renal Failure	62 (10.1%)	55 (9.0%)	0.039	-0.073, 0.151
	Rheumatoid Arthritis	54 (8.8%)	49 (8.0%)	0.029	-0.083, 0.141
	Solid Tumor	120 (19.6%)	133 (21.7%)	-0.052	-0.164, 0.060
	Valvular Disease	163 (26.6%)	152 (24.8%)	0.041	-0.071, 0.153
	Weight Loss	58 (9.5%)	61 (10.0%)	-0.017	-0.129, 0.096
Hypotension	Orthostatic Hypotension	44 (7.2%)	43 (7.0%)	0.006	-0.106, 0.118
	Other Hypotension	45 (7.4%)	42 (6.9%)	0.019	-0.093, 0.131
Prostate Specific Antigen	PSA Measurement Taken	262 (42.8%)	254 (41.5%)	0.026	-0.086, 0.138
	Diagnosis of Abnormal PSA	126 (20.6%)	199 (32.5%)	-0.272	-0.385, -0.160
Bladder Function and Urinary Flow	Slow Urinary Stream Diagnosis	16 (2.6%)	22 (3.6%)	-0.057	-0.169, 0.056
	Uroflow Study Performed	74 (12.1%)	82 (13.4%)	-0.039	-0.151, 0.073
	Cystometrogram Performed	14 (2.3%)	26 (4.2%)	-0.110	-0.222, 0.002
	Diagnosis of BPH	339 (55.4%)	429 (70.1%)	-0.307	-0.420, -0.195
1Cohen's D
2CI = Confidence Interval